Compound Statement

A compound statement is a set of zero or more statements enclosed within curly braces ({}). It acts as a single statement, allowing the execution of multiple statements as if they were a single unit. Compound statements are often used in control flow structures such as loops and conditional statements, as well as in function bodies.

Syntax of Compound Statements:

The syntax of a compound statement is straightforward:

{
    // Statement 1
    // Statement 2
    // ...
    // Statement N
}

The statements within the curly braces can include variable declarations, control flow statements, function calls, and any other valid C++ statements. The compound statement is terminated by the closing curly brace.

Example Usage:

Let's take a look at a simple example illustrating the use of compound statements in a C++ program:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    // Variables with local scope
    int x = 5;
    int y = 10;

    // Compound statement begins
    {
        int z = x + y; // Local variable within the compound statement
        std::cout << "Sum inside compound statement: " << z << std::endl;
    } // Compound statement ends

    // Variable z is out of scope here and cannot be accessed

    // Continue with the rest of the program
    return 0;
}