As we know that Linux is an kernel (hear of the operating system). It has no user interface, system libraries, utilities, and application software by itself. However, the third party distributions completes these kinds of requirement often referred to as Linux Distribution or distros in short.

What are Linux Distributions?

A Linux distribution is a complete operation system consisting of the Linux kernel, system libraries, utilities, and application software bundled together. Each distribution comes with its own set of software packages, configuration tools, and user interfaces, making it unique in its own. Each distribution typically includes a package manager for installing, updating, and managing software packages, as well as a choice of desktop environment or window manager for the user interface.

Popular Linux Distributions

1. Ubuntu:
   Ubuntu is one of the most popular and user-friendly Linux distributions, known for its ease of use and extensive community support. It comes with a choice of desktop environments, including the default GNOME desktop, as well as flavors like Kubuntu (KDE), Xubuntu (XFCE), and Lubuntu (LXQt). Ubuntu's Long-Term Support (LTS) releases ensure stability and reliability, making it suitable for both desktop and server environments.
2. Debian:
   Debian is a community-driven distribution known for its stability, adherence to free software principles, and commitment to open-source development. It serves as the foundation for many other distributions, including Ubuntu. Debian offers a wide range of software packages and multiple desktop environments, making it a versatile choice for different use cases.
3. Fedora:
   Fedora is a cutting-edge distribution sponsored by Red Hat, designed for developers, enthusiasts, and advanced users. It features the latest software innovations and technologies, making it ideal for those who want to stay at the forefront of Linux development. Fedora offers different editions targeting specific use cases, such as Workstation, Server, and IoT.
4. Linux Mint:
   Linux Mint is a user-friendly distribution based on Ubuntu and Debian, with a focus on simplicity and elegance. It comes with the Cinnamon desktop environment by default, providing a familiar and intuitive user experience for Windows converts. Linux Mint also offers versions with the XFCE and MATE desktop environments, catering to a variety of hardware configurations.
5. Arch Linux:
   Arch Linux is a lightweight and minimalist distribution that follows a rolling-release model, providing users with the latest software updates continuously. It offers a high degree of customization and flexibility, allowing users to build their system from the ground up according to their preferences. However, Arch Linux is more suitable for experienced users comfortable with manual configuration and command-line usage.
6. openSUSE:
   openSUSE is a community-driven distribution sponsored by SUSE, known for its stability, user-friendly installer, and powerful administration tools. It offers two main editions: Leap, which follows a fixed-release model based on SUSE Linux Enterprise, and Tumbleweed, which is a rolling-release distribution with the latest software updates.

Note: We will be using Ubuntu for this course.